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Le Problème de la Déforestation
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Le Problème de la Déforestation
Dans ces 30 années dernières nos bois ont subi la coupe indistincte d’arbres. Il a porté cela à la désertification de beaucoup de zones, de Maroc et aux reste du monde.
Le bois est le principale source d’énergie pour les activités traditionnelles du Maroc. Il constitue 30 % du bilan énergétique national soit une consommation annuelle de 11,3 millions de tonnes de bois-énergie dont plus de 88 % en milieu rural.
Les capacités de production de la forêt sont environ 3,25 millions de tonnes par an (estimée sur la base de l’accroissement naturel des principales formations ligneuses), alors que les prélèvements réels sont évalués à 6,35 millions de tonnes, ce qui fait apparaître un déficit annuel de 3,10 millions de tonnes
Les quelques 5 000 hammams que compte le Maroc consomment annuellement 1,25 millions de tonnes de bois, d’une valeur estimée à 800 millions de Dh
.
Le bois est quelque chose de nécessaire et ne nous devons pas s’épuiser. Par cela il faut semer plus que se consomme et consommer moins que semé.
Comment ont doivent faire?
Pour le sujet des semailles ils sont enquêtés et en développant des espèces d’arbres de croissance rapide. De 3 à 6 ans de croissance en comparaison de 15 ans qu’un pin commun tarde à croître par exemple.
La question de la consommation au Maroc est un grave problème. Les fours de bois de chauffage et les hammanes sont les plus grands consommateurs en bois et plusieurs sont perdus par le visage qui est.
En Europe, c ést la même chose. Le bois est utilisé comme fontaine de chauffage dans des endroits très froids pour des maisons, des édifices,….. Les combustibles fossiles semblent très chers.
Par cela il a surgi le concept de Biomasse et les Chaudières de la même. Une chaudière de biomasse est une machine capable de chauffer un volume de l’eau pour chauffage, en brûlant du bois.
À l’intérieur de l’une une chambre fermée la combustion est contrôlée d’une forme efficiente et on obtient des rendements de 90 %. L’apport d’air et de bois est totalement réglé.
L’épargne de bois de chauffage est de plus de 60 %. Cette épargne permet d’amortir la machine et l’installation dans un peu de temps. Et plus tard gagner de l’argent.
Cela même pourrait s’appliquer au cas des Hammames. Une chaudière de biomasse pour chauffage de sol radiant ou de mure radiant ou d’aire chaude permettrait une épargne minimale de 60 % dans un bois.
Des Types de Chaudières
Les chaudières d’éclats et pellets sont les plus automatiques. Ils allument seules, réalisent une autopropreté, chargent du combustible selon une nécessité,…..
Les chaudières de troncs en bois sont d’une charge et un allumage manuel, une propreté par levier….. les rendements sont très bons. Une ou deux charges de combustible peuvent couvrir un jour complet de chauffage
Des Systèmes de Sol Radiant, Fan-coil et un Mur Radiant
L’eau chaude que les chaudières produisent on la peut recirculer avec bombes par des circuits de tuyauteries de sol radiant ou de mur radiant
Existent des interéchangeurs de l’eau choude – aire qui peut céder une chaleur immédiate à l’atmosphère intérieure
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